Words and Expressions Grade 9 Solutions Unit 6

Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 6

A. Photographs of the Presidents of India are chronologically given below. Can you identify them?

B. Discuss in pairs and write down their names.

C. Why is the President of India known as the First Citizen of the country?

Answer:

A. Yes, I can identify them.

B. (1) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(2) Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

(3) Zakir Husain

(4) V.V. Giri

(5) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

(6) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

(7) Zail Singh

(8) R. Venkataraman

(9) Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma

(10) Dr. K.R. Narayanan

(11) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

(12) Pratibha Devi Singh Patil

(13) Pranab Mukherjee

(14) Ram Nath Kovind

C. Our president is called as the First citizen of India because he/she is the constitutional head of the state.

Reading Comprehension:

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.

Text – I

I must have been about seven when my father left Porbandar for Rajkot to become a member of the Rajasthanik Court. There I was put into a primary school, and I can well recollect those days, including the names and other particulars of the teachers who taught me. As at Porbandar, so here, there is hardly anything to note about my studies. I could only have been a mediocre student. From this school I went to the suburban school and thence to high school, having already reached my twelfth year.

I do not remember having ever told a lie, during this short period, either to my teachers or to my school-mates. However, I used to be very shy and avoided all company. My books and my lessons were my sole companions. To be at school at the stroke of the hour and to run back home as soon as the school closed that was my daily habit.

There is an incident which occurred at the examination during my first year at high school and which is worth recording. Mr Giles, the educational Inspector, had come on a visit of inspection. He had set us five words to write as a spelling exercise. One of the words was ‘Kettle’. Ii had misspelt it.

The teacher tried to prompt me with the point of his boot, but I would not be prompted. It was beyond me to see that he wanted me to copy the spelling from my neighbour’s slate, for I had thought that the teacher was there to supervise us against copying. The result was that all the boys, except myself, were found to have spelt every word correctly. I could never learn the art of‘copying’. Yet the incident did not in the least diminish my respect for my teacher.

I was by nature, blind to the faults of elders. Later I came to know of many other failings of this teacher, but my regard for him remained the same. Two other incidents belonging to the same period have always clung to my memory. As a rule I had distaste for any reading beyond my school books. The daily lessons had to be done, because I disliked being taken to task by my teacher as much as I disliked deceiving him. Therefore I would do the lessons, but often without my mind in them.

Thus, when even the lessons could not be done properly, there was of course no question of any extra reading. But somehow my eyes fell on a book purchased by my father. It was Shravana Pitribhakti Nataka. I read it with intense interest. One of the pictures I was shown was of Shravana carrying, by means of slings fitted for his shoulders, his blind parents on a pilgrimage. The book and the picture left an indelible impression on my mind.

(An excerpt from The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi)

1. Choose the correct option from the bracket and fill in the blanks.

(a) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a/an student. ( average, poor, intelligent)

(b) As a boy, Mohandas used to be very and avoided all company, (timid, fearful, outspoken)

(d) Young Mohandas any reading beyond his school books. (disliked, liked, hated)

(e) He read Shravana Pitribhakti with interest. (great, least, little)

Answer:

(a) average

(b) timid

(d) disliked

(e) great

2. Answer the following questions in brief. (30 words).

(a) Where did Mohandas complete his primary education?

Mohandas completed his primary education in Rajkot. His father went there to become a member of the Rajasthanik court. He read there in a primary school.

(b) Who were Mohandas Gandhi’s sole companions in his childhood?

His books and his lessons were his sole companions in his childhood. He was very shy and avoided all company.

(c) Which incident given- in the passage reflects Mohandas’s honesty?

Once an educational Inspector, Mr Giles came on inspection and gave five words to students as spelling exercise. Gandhiji misspelt the word ‘kettle’. The teacher suggested him to copy the spelling from another student but Gandhiji couldnot do so.

(d) Which two things did Mohandas dislike the most?

Gandhiji disliked being taken to task by the teacher and he disliked copying or deceiving the teacher.

(e) What did the picture of Shravana convey to Mohandas Gandhi?

In one of the pictures, Shravana was carrying his blind parents on his shoulders on a pilgrimage. It left an indelible imprint on his mind.

(f) Pick out five qualities and traits which young Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi had. One is done for you.

Absolutely non-judgemental, couldn’t see the bad qualities of his teacher.

Truthful – never told a lie either to the teacher or school-mates.
Very shy – avoided all company, his books and lessons were his sole companions.
Punctual – Always reached school on time and returned home as soon as the school closed.
Distaste for reading – only did his daily lessons to avoid being taken to task by any teacher.
Honest – he could not copy the spelling of the word, ‘Kettle’ from his classmate even after being suggested by the teacher.

3. Locate words from the passage with similar meaning:

(a) reduce - diminish

(b) only one - sole

(d) permanent effect - indelible

Text – II

Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi is an Indian Amarican business executive. She is the Chairjnapi ana Chief Executive Officer of Pepsico. She is one among the world’s most powerful women. She delivered the following speech at the Rashtrapati Bhawan on 14 December 2013. She was named one of the 25 Greatest Living Legends by NDTV, and was awarded by the then President of India, Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhawan.

Read the speech delivered by Indra Nooyi and answer the questions that follow.

Mr President and NDTV, thank you very much for this incredible honour. Malcom Gladwell in his book, Outliers says: “Who you are cannot be separated from where you came from.”

I left India 35 years ago, went to the USA and had tremendous success in the meritocracy. But none of that could have happened if I would not have had wonderful upbringing very much here in India. So I have a lot to thank India for. Now my three lessons I would like to share with you.

First, please be a lifelong student. You know when we were kids, we used to ask questions like “Why is the sky blue?”, “Why the birds flying so high?”But for some reasons, as we get older, that curiosity goes away. And if we are happy with the knowledge we have, then we are actually going to atrophy. So, please remain a lifelong student, don’t lose that curiosity.

Second, whatever you do, throw yourself into it, throw your head, heart and hands into it. I look at my job not as a job, I look at it as a Calling, as a Passion and I don’t care about the hours, about the hardships, because to me everything is a joy. So whatever you do, please look upon it as a Calling, a Passion, not as a job, not as something temporary.

The third and the most important one, please help others rise. Greatness comes not from a position, but from helping build a future. All of us in position of power have an obligation to pull others up. You know, as I stand here today, I look at my responsibility not as accepting an honour, I look upon it as accepting a challenge and a responsibility, an obligation to actually make it possible for people who are younger to come up and achieve levels of greatness, so they too can be on the stage sometime in the future.

(Source: Speech delivered by Indra Nooyi at the Rashtrapati Bhawan on 14 December 2013)

1. What has Malcom Glad well said in his book, that Indra Nooyi is refering to in her speech?

Indra Nooyi referred to in her speech Malcom Gladwell’s words in his book, ‘Outliers’ where he said, “Who you are cannot be separated from where you came from.”

2. What according to Indra Nooyi helped her achieve great success?

Nooyi mentioned about her tremendous success in the meritocracy. She gave the credit to the wonderful upbringing that she got in India.

3. What is the first lesson that Indra Nooyi has talked about in her speech?

The first lesson that Indra Nooyi gave was that one should remain a lifelong student. We should not limit our knowledge. We should be curious to learn more in life.

4. What element should we have to be a lifelong student?

The element of curiosity makes us a lifelong student. We should not limit our knowledge, if we do so, we are going to atrophy.

5. How does she look at her job?

She takes her job as a calling, as a passion and doesn’t care about the time spent or hardships in it. She takes it as a joy without any pressure.

6. What is her third lesson? Why is it important?

In the third lesson she says that greatness does not come from a position, rather we should help others to rise and build a better future. It is our responsibility to do so.

7. What obligation does she talk about in her speech?

She talks about the obligation to pull our youngers up by and help them to achieve levels of greatness.

Vocabulary:

1. Make noun forms of the given words. One is done for you.

Example: happen happening

(а) know - knowledge

(b) accept - acceptance

(d) oblige - obligation

(e) achieve - achievement

2.Take words from the box given below and match the words that go along with them. You may use some of the words more than once.

Example: Communal-harmony:

tune – paper – system – fine – water communal – news – heart – sound – study black – kill – felt – proof – tour joy – harmony

Water-proof

Sound-system

Heart-felt

Study-tour

News-paper

Fine-tune

Black-water

Communal-kill

3. You would have come across some words from Indian languages used in the chapter ‘My Childhood’ in your textbook, Beehive.

Example: pucca.

Look up the dictionary in the English language and find ten words which are of Indian origin. Two are done for you:

Answer:

Chutney
Karma
Jugaad
Dadagiri
Achcha
Bapu
Surya Namaskar
Anna
Abba
Gulab jamun
Mirch masala
Keema

Grammar:

1. Fill in the blanks to complete the process of washing clothes in a machine. Use passive form of the verbs given in brackets.

Dirty clothes are ___________ (take) for washing. Clothes are ___________ (separate) on the basis of texture, colour, etc., and (make) into piles. Each pile is ___________(put) in the washing machine tub. Then detergent powder is ___________ (add) and the required programme is ___________ (set). Once the washing is over the clothes are ___________ (remove) from the tub and (hang) for drying.

Answer:
taken; separated; made; put; added; set; removed; hung.

2. Passive voice

Expand the News Headlines into three to four sentences of a short article. Use passive voice wherever it is required.

Example:

(а) Mumbai flooded with rain water

Yesterday Mumbai was hit by incessant rain. The city is flooded with rain water now. Water is being pumped out from the roads. The residents are requested by the Municipal Corporation to remain indoors.

(b) The fire caused by crackers

Yesterday, there was a fire in a store at Uttam Nagar. The fire brigade came quickly. People were told to stay away. They fire was put out in about 2 hours. No one got hurt, but everything in the store was burned.

(c) Bank robbed in broad daylight

Canara Bank at Ram Nagar was robbed of Rs. 150 lakhs by 6 miscreants yesterday. The robbery was committed in broad daylight. Two of the five miscreants have been nabbed by the police. Rest of them will soon be arrested, assured the DCP.

(d) Taxes lowered for some commodities

Against the current, the government has reduced taxes on certain important things. The aim is to make life easier for the lower-income groups. Things like soaps and cereals should now be more accessible for poor people. This was seen as a win for the poor.

3. Phrasal Verb:

In the lesson ‘My Childhood’ in your textbook, Beehive, the phrasal verb ‘break out’ is used by combining a verb (break) with a preposition (out) denoting the meaning ‘to begin’. Many more phrasal verbs can be formed with the same verb “break’joining with other prepositions. They are –

break into – break away – break open

break down – break up

Now, replace the underlined words with a phrasal verb from the list given above using the correct form.

(a) The passengers were troubled when the bus stopped due to engine failure.

The passengers were troubled when the bus broke down.

(b) Neha’s relationship with Rohan came to an end over a very silly matter.

Neha’s relationship with Rohan broke up over a very silly matter.

(c) The burglar in spite of all security, entered Mir Khan’s house and took away all valuables.

The burglar in spite of all security, broke into Mr. Khan’s house and took away all valuables.

(d) The child attempted to leave the mother’s grasp, but she held fast.

The child attempted to break open but she held fast.

(e) The new director desired to discard the age-old practices in the office.

The new director desired to break away the age-old practices in the office.

Editing:

Use capital letters, full-stops, commas and inverted commas wherever necessary in the following story. Some words are also wrongly spelt. Check the spelling errors and correct them.

Once the Fairies of the Trfees set out to choose their dwelling places some were wise in making their choices and some were foolis the wise fairies shunned the trees that stood alone in the open fields, and settld in a thick forest, but the foolish ones said, Why should we crowd together in a forest Let us go and live in lonely trees near villages, where humans will bring us gifts.

One night a greate tempest swept over the countri the lonely trees were blown down, and the foolis fairys became homeless; but the great, dense forest resisted the fury of the storm. The wise fairies said to the foolish ones Peopl should stand together like a dense forest. It is only the solitary tree, growing unprotekted in the open field that is overthrown by a silly thing like a storm

1. Write the corrected story here.

Once the fairies of the trees set out to choose their dwelling places, some were wise in making their choices and some were foolish. The wise fairies shunned the trees that stood alone in the open fields and settled in a thick forest. But the foolish ones said, “Why should we crowd together in a forest ? Let us go and live in lonely trees near villages where humans will bring us gifts.”

One night a great tempest swept over the country. The lonely trees were blown down and the foolish fairies became homeless; but the great, dense forest resisted the fury of the storm. The wise fairies said to the foolish ones,’“People should stand together like a dense forest. It is only the solitary tree, growing unprotected in the open field that is overthrown by a silly thing, like a storm.”

Listening:

Given below is an extract from Malala Yousafzai’s speech at the UN General Assembly on 12 July 2013. Malala Yousafzai is a young Pakistani girl who was shot at by the Taliban because she wanted to study. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for her struggle for the right of all children to education.

The teacher or one of your classmates will read out the extract. Answer all the questions after listening to the extract. Honourable UN Secretary General Mr Ban Ki- moon, respected President of the General Assembly Vuk Jeremic, honourable UN envoy for global education Mr Gordon Brown, respected elders and my dear brothers and sisters: Assalamu alaikum.

Today it is an honour for me to be speaking again after a long time. Being here with such honourable people is a great moment in my life and it is an honour for me that today I am wearing a shawl of late Benazir Bhutto. I don’t know where to begin my speech. I don’t know what people would be expecting me to say, but first of all thank you to God for whom we all are equal and thank you to every person who has prayed for my fast recovery and new life.

I cannot believe how much love people have shown me. I have received thousands of good-wish cards and gifts from all over the world. Thank you to all of them. Thank you to the children whose innocent words encouraged me. Thank you to my elders whose prayers strengthened me. I would like to thank my nurses, doctors and the staff of the hospitals in Pakistan and the UK and the UAE government who have helped me to get better and recover my strength.

… There are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers who are not only speaking for their rights, but who are struggling to achieve their goal of peace, education and equality. Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured. I am just one of them. So here I stand, one girl among many. I speak not for myself, but so those without a voice can be heard. Those who have fought for their rights …Their right to live in peace. Their right to be treated with dignity. Their right to equality of opportunity. Their right to be educated.

… the compassion I have learned from Mohamed, the Prophet of Mercy, Jesus Christ and Lord Buddha. This the legacy of change I have inherited from Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and Mohammed Ali Jinnah.

This is the philosophy of non-violence that I have learned from Gandhi, Bacha Khan and Mother Teresa. And this is the forgiveness that I have learned from my father and from my mother. This is what my soul is telling me: be peaceful and love everyone … Thank you.

1. Why did the Taliban shoot Malala?

Malala Yousafzai was a young Pakistani girl who was shot by the Taliban because she wanted to study.

2. Why was Malala awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Malala was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for her struggle for the right of all children to education.

3. Who all did Malala thank in her speech and why?

Malala thanked God, first of all. Then, she thanked all the people who prayed for her fast recovery. She thanked the children for their encouraging words, her elders whose prayers strengthened her. She also thanked her doctors, nurses, hospital staff and the UAE government.

4. What are the activists and social workers struggling for?

Hundreds of human rights activists and social workers are struggling to achieve their goal of peace, education and equality.

5. What rights did she talk about in her speech? Tick (✓) the right answers.

(a) right to live in peace ✔

(b) right to be treated with dignity ✔

(d) right to equality of opportunity ✔

(e) right to fight for self

(f) right to be educated ✔

6. From whom did Malala learn

(а) compassion
(b) the philosophy of non-violence
(c) forgiveness

(a) She learned compassion from Mohamed, the Prophet of mercy, Jesus Christ and Lord Buddha.

(b) She learned it from Gandhi, Bacha Khan and Mother Teresa.

Speaking :

1. Prepare five slips with the following words written on them. The class will be divided into 4 groups. Each group’will be asked to pick up a slip and discuss the topic for 5 minutes. Finally, one representative from the group will make a brief presentation on the topic.

1. ancestral house

2. secure childhood

3. primary school

4. social barriers

5. communal harmony

Some words given in the box below may be helpful. You can use any other words that are appropriate to the topic. ,

ancient – large – emotional – co-existence

upbringing – inequality – system – tradition

Communal Harmony

We live in a society where people sometimes get divided because of their caste or religion. India has many different religions and communities, so unity is very important for our country. We should respect everyone’s caste, community, and religion.

India is a secular country. This means all religious groups have the freedom to follow their own faith. If we are open-minded and give space to each other, we can live peacefully. This will also help remove many social problems in our country.

So, we can say that communal harmony is very important for the progress of our country.

Writing:

1. In 2010, the United Nations declared Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s birthday (15th October) as World Students’ Day. Write an article on the importance of the youth/young students in the making of a New India. (120-150 words)

The Importance of Youth in Building a New India

Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s birthday, 15th October, is celebrated as World Students’ Day. This reminds us that young students play a very important role in building a New India. Youth are full of energy, bright ideas, and hope. They can bring positive changes in society through hard work and good values.

Young people can help our country by getting good education, learning new skills, and using technology wisely. They can fight against problems like pollution, corruption, and inequality by being honest and responsible citizens. Students can also spread awareness about cleanliness, health, and unity among people.

If the youth of India stay disciplined, dream big, and work with determination, they can make India stronger and more developed. With their creativity and courage, the young students of today can become the leaders of tomorrow and help build a better future for our nation.

Project:

1. Collect your favourite quotations by M.K. Gandhi, Dr Abdul Kalam, Mother Teresa, Lai Bahadur Shastri, J. Krishnamurti, any other personalities that you admire. Make a collage for display in the monthly wall magazine of your class.

Quotations for the Collage

M.K. Gandhi

Be the change you wish to see in the world.
Where there is love, there is life.
The future depends on what you do today.

Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action.
You have to aim high to achieve great things.
Failure is the first step to success.

Mother Teresa

Not all of us can do great things. But we can do small things with great love.
Peace begins with a smile.
Kind words can be short, but their echoes are endless.

Lal Bahadur Shastri

Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan.
Discipline and united action are the real sources of strength.
The preservation of freedom is not the task of soldiers alone.

J. Krishnamurti

It is no measure of health to be well adjusted to a sick society.
The ability to observe without judging is the highest form of intelligence.
Happiness is strange; it comes when you are not seeking it.

Other Inspiring Personalities (Optional)

Rabindranath Tagore

You can’t cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water.

Swami Vivekananda

Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached.

Nelson Mandela

Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.