Data Interpretation Q. No.37 B APSSC ,9th Class

Tips for Writing Data Interpretation for Various Visuals

For General Data Analysis / Information Transfer

These are useful for summarising any type of data (table, graph, map, or flowchart):

• The data provides information about ___.
• It helps us understand the pattern/trend of ___.
• The information clearly shows that ___.
• The most important point to note is ___.
• This data highlights the difference between ___ and ___.
• There is a noticeable improvement/reduction in ___.
• The data can be interpreted as a sign of ___.
• It is evident that ___.
• Overall, the information suggests that ___.

General Tips:

• Understand the Data
• Identify Key Points
• Use Clear and Concise Language
• Support Claims with Evidence: 

Data Interpretation for Tree Diagrams

The tree diagram illustrates the classification of the Animal Kingdom into two major groups: Vertebrates and Invertebrates. 

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone, and they are further classified into five classes: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals. Mammals are further divided into various orders, including Animals, Marsupials, Primates, Rodents, Cetaceans, and Seals. 

Invertebrates, on the other hand, lack a backbone and are classified into several divisions, including Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Arachnids, Echinoderms, and Protozoa. 

 This hierarchical structure provides a clear and organized overview of the diverse animal kingdom.

Phrases to Start a Paragraph:

• The hierarchical structure of...
• The tree diagram illustrates...
• As shown in the tree diagram...
• The breakdown of...

Phrases to Compare Data:

• Compared to...
• In contrast to...
• Similarly...
• Likewise...
• On the other hand...

Closing Sentences and Conclusions:

• In conclusion, the tree diagram provides a clear visual representation of...
• Overall, the tree diagram highlights the...
• Therefore, it can be inferred that...

Data Interpretation for Pie Charts

1. 

The pie chart shows the different sources of electricity in India by installed capacity. It is clear that coal is the main source of electricity, producing the largest share at 61%. Hydropower comes next with 15%, which is generated from rivers and dams. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind contribute 13%, showing that India is slowly moving toward cleaner energy. Natural gas accounts for 9%, while nuclear energy forms the smallest portion at 2%.

From the chart, we can understand that India still depends mostly on coal-based power plants, which are not very eco-friendly. However, the growing share of renewable energy is a positive sign for the future. The data highlights the need to increase the use of clean and sustainable energy to reduce pollution and protect the environment.

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The pie chart titled "Family's Expenditure and Savings" shows how a family distributes its total income on different needs and savings. The largest portion of the income, 23%, is spent on food, while 20% goes towards other miscellaneous expenses. Both housing and savings account for 15% each, showing that the family gives equal importance to living and saving. Education expenses make up 12% of the total income, and clothing accounts for 10%. The smallest portion, only 5%, is spent on transport. Overall, the chart shows that the family spends the most on food and the least on transport, while also setting aside a fair share for savings.

Data Interpretation for Bar Graphs

The bar graph titled “Favourite Colour” shows the preferences of people for different colours. According to the graph, pink is the most popular colour, liked by 80 people. Blue is the second most preferred colour with 70 people choosing it, followed closely by green with 60 people. Brown is liked by 50 people, while purple is chosen by 20 people. The least favourite colour is black, with only 10 people selecting it. Overall, the graph shows that bright colours like pink, blue, and green are much more popular than dark shades such as black and brown.

The bar graph shows the population growth over a period of six years, from 2005 to 2010. The population is measured in lakhs. In 2005, the population was around 150 lakhs. It rose steadily to about 220 lakhs in 2006 and then increased sharply to 350 lakhs in 2007. The population reached its highest point in 2008, touching 400 lakhs. However, in 2009, there was a noticeable drop to around 300 lakhs. By 2010, the population rose again to nearly 380 lakhs. Overall, the graph shows a general upward trend in population with slight fluctuations, especially between 2008 and 2009.

Data Interpretation for Tables

Number of Colleges and Universities in India Year-wise:

The table shows the growth in the number of universities and colleges in India from 1950–51 to 2018–19. In 1950–51, there were only 28 universities and 578 colleges in the country. By 1960–61, the number of universities increased to 45, and colleges rose to 1,819. The figures continued to grow steadily over the decades. In 1970–71, there were 93 universities and 3,227 colleges, and by 1980–81, the numbers rose to 123 and 4,738 respectively. The 1990s saw further expansion with 184 universities and 5,748 colleges. A major rise occurred in 2000–01, with 266 universities and 11,146 colleges. The most dramatic increase was seen in 2018–19, when the number of universities reached 993 and colleges jumped to 39,931. This data clearly shows the massive expansion of higher education institutions in India over the years, reflecting the growing demand for higher education and government efforts to improve access across the country.

The given chart shows the calorie content of different Indian food items. Among all, Biryani has the highest calorie count with 500 calories per cup, making it a high-energy dish. Butter Chicken comes next with 400 calories per cup, followed by Dal Makhani which contains 300 calories. Foods like Samosas, Chana Masala, and Naan each have 250 calories, while Paneer Tikka and Tandoori Chicken are slightly lighter with 200 calories each. Aloo Gobi has only 150 calories per cup, and Roti is the lowest with just 100 calories per piece. This chart highlights that rich dishes like biryani and butter chicken are calorie-dense, whereas simpler foods such as roti and aloo gobi are healthier, low-calorie options.

Data Interpretation for Tree Diagrams

The given chart shows the main divisions of the human skeleton. The human skeleton is divided into two main parts — the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull and jaws and the vertebral column, which form the central framework of the body and protect vital organs like the brain and spinal cord. The appendicular skeleton consists of girdles and limbs. The girdles are of two types — pectoral and pelvic — which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton. The limbs are further divided into arms and legs, helping in movement and balance. Together, these parts give shape, support, and movement to the human body.

The given chart shows the classification of the Plant Kingdom. The Plant Kingdom is mainly divided into two groups — Cryptogams and Phanerogams. Cryptogams are plants that do not produce flowers or seeds. They include non-vascular plants, such as Thallophyta and Bryophyta, and vascular plants, such as Pteridophyta. On the other hand, Phanerogams are plants that produce flowers and seeds. They are vascular plants and are further divided into Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants without fruits, while Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within fruits. This classification helps us understand how plants have evolved and how they differ in their structure, reproduction, and level of development.