Clause Analysis and Synthesis of Sentences - Junior Inter - Textbook Exercises

Practice 1

1. In spite of facing many setbacks, he didn’t lose hope. (Change into compound and complex)

2. Although she is an illiterate, she speaks English well. (Change into simple and compound)

Note : ‘Though, although and even though’ are used interchangeably. But ‘even though’ is more emphatic. But/yet is possible in compound.

Answer:

1. Compound : He faced many setbacks, but he didn’t lose hope.

Complex: Although he faced many setbacks, he didn’t lose hope.

2. Simple : Despite being an illiterate, she speaks English well.

Compound: She is an illiterate, but she speaks English well.

Practice 2

1. Speak the truth, or I will kill you. (Change into simple and complex)

2. If you work hard, you will get first class. (Change into compound and simple)

Answer:

1. Simple : You must speak the truth to avoid being killed.

Complex  : If you do not speak the truth, I will kill you.

2. Compound: Work hard, and you will get first class.

Simple: By working hard, you will get first class.

Practice 3

1. He is strong so he can lift heavy weights. (Change into simple and complex)

2. Owing to his intelligence, he became an IAS officer. (Change into compound and complex)

Answer:

1. Simple : Being strong, he can lift heavy weights.

Complex : Because he is strong, he can lift heavy weights.

2. Compound : He is intelligent, and he became an IAS officer.

Complex : Because he was intelligent, he became an IAS officer.

Practice 4

1. He finished his meal and went to work. (Change into complex and simple)

2. The chief guest having taken his seat on the dais, the meeting began.

(Change into complex and compound)

Answer:

1. Simple : After finishing his meal, he went to work.

Complex : After he finished his meal, he went to work.

2. Complex : After the chief guest took his seat on the dais, the meeting began.

Compound : The chief guest took his seat on the dais, and the meeting began.

Practice 5

1. Take care when crossing the road. (Change into complex)

2. We eat that we may live. (Change into simple)

Answer:

1. Complex : Take care when you cross the road.

2. Simple : We eat to live.

Practice 5

1. Shrestha is too shy to face strangers. (Change into complex and compound)

2. Your writing is so illegible that I cannot understand it. (Change into compound and simple)

Answer:

1. Complex : Shrestha is so shy that she cannot face strangers.

Compound : Shrestha is very shy, and she cannot face strangers.

2. Compound : Your writing is very illegible, and I cannot understand it.

Simple : Due to the illegibility of your writing, I cannot understand it.

Practice 6

1. Lucy saw a wounded rabbit. (Change into complex)

2. The police recovered the child that was lost. (Change into simple)

Answer:

1. Complex : Lucy saw a rabbit that was wounded.

2. Simple : The police recovered the lost child.

Practice

1. No sooner did he see us than we disappeared into the night.

(Use ‘Hardly/scarcely – when ‘or ‘as soon as’)

2. Scarcely had he entered the room when the clock struck twelve.

(Use ‘No sooner – than/as soon as/ hardly – when’)

3. As soon as the thief saw the policeman coming, he took to his heels.

(Use ‘No sooner – than, scarcely/ hardly – when’)

Answer:

1. Hardly / Scarcely – when : Hardly had he seen us when we disappeared into the night.

Scarcely had he seen us when we disappeared into the night.

As soon as : As soon as he saw us, we disappeared into the night.

2. No sooner – than : No sooner had he entered the room than the clock struck twelve.

As soon as : As soon as he entered the room, the clock struck twelve.

Hardly – when : Hardly had he entered the room when the clock struck twelve.

3. No sooner – than : No sooner had the thief seen the policeman coming than he took to his heels.

Scarcely / Hardly – when : Scarcely had the thief seen the policeman coming when he took to his heels. Hardly had the thief seen the policeman coming when he took to his heels.

Exercise

Two or more simple sentences can be combined with the help of coordinating con r junctions like, and, therefore, otherwise, as well as, either – or, neither – nor, not only – but also.

1. They went to the showroom. They bought a car. (Combine with ‘and’)

They went to the showroom and they bought a car.

2. The bag was heavy. I couldn’t carry it. (Combine with ‘therefore’)

The bag was heavy; therefore, I couldn’t carry it.

3. Run fast. You will miss the train. (Combine with ‘otherwise’)

Run fast, otherwise you will miss the train.

4. Siraj plays Hockey. He plays Cricket. (Combine with ‘as well as’)

Siraj plays Hockey as well as Cricket.

5. Ramani is lazy. She is dull. (Combine with ‘either – or’)

Either Ramani is lazy or she is dull.

6. My father doesn’t smoke. He doesn’t drink. (Combine with ‘neither – nor’)

My father neither smokes nor drinks.

7. He was a boxer. He lectured at a University. (Combine with ‘not only – but also’)

He was not only a boxer but also lectured at a University.

8. Besides being a singer, she is a dancer. (Combine with ‘not only – but also’)

She is not only a singer but also a dancer.

9. She danced beautifully. I played the piano. (Combine with ‘while’)

She danced beautifully while I played the piano.

10. She had the required qualifications but she did not get the job. (Change into simple and complex)

Simple : Despite having the required qualifications, she did not get the job.

Complex: Although she had the required qualifications, she did not get the job.

11. Though she was poor, she would never ask for help. (Change into simple and compound)

Simple : Being poor, she would never ask for help.

Compound: She was poor but she would never ask for help.

12. Unless he makes the payment in time, his house will be confiscated. (Change into compound and simple)

Compound: He must make the payment in time or his house will be confiscated.

Simple : Failing to make the payment in time, he will have his house confiscated.

13. Hire a taxi and you will not miss the bus. (Change into complex and simple)

Complex: If you hire a taxi; you will not miss the bus.

Simple : By hiring a taxi, you will not miss the bus.

14. The visitors arrived so we all stood up. (Change into simple and complex)

Simple : On the arrival of the visitors, we all stood up.

Complex: When the visitors arrived, we all stood up.

15. As it was very cold, we stayed indoors. (Change into simple and compound)

Simple : Due to the extreme cold, we stayed indoors.

Compound: It was very cold, so we stayed indoors.

16. I did not know what to do and called the doctor. (Change into complex and simple)

Complex: As I did not know what to do, I called the doctor.

Simple : Not knowing what to do, I called the doctor.

17. When he heard a cry, he rushed into the room. (Change into compound and simple)

Compound : He heard a cry and rushed into the room.

Simple : On hearing a cry, he rushed into the room.

18. The problem was very difficult and so no one could solve it. (Change into complex and simple)

Complex: The problem was so difficult that no one could solve it.

Simple : Being a very difficult problem, no one could solve it.

19. The box was so heavy that I couldn’t lift it. (Change into compound and simple)

Compound: The box was very heavy, so I couldn’t lift it.

Simple : The box was too heavy for me to lift.

20. A blind man needs help. (Change into complex)

Complex: A man who is blind needs help.

21. The injured were taken to the nearest hospital. (Change into complex)

Complex: Those who were injured were taken to the nearest hospital.

22. The students hope to pass the exams. (Change into complex)

Complex: The students hope that they will pass the exams.

23. Please wait until told to proceed. (Change into complex)

Complex: Please wait until you are told to proceed.